PPP1R8 protein expression summary - The Human Protein Atlas

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PPP1R8

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HUMAN PROTEIN ATLAS SUMMARYⁱ General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Proteinⁱ Full gene name according to HGNC.	Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 8
Gene nameⁱ Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.	PPP1R8 (ard-1, ARD1, NIPP-1, NIPP1, PRO2047)
Tissue specificityⁱ ??The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the consensus dataset which is calculated from the RNA expression levels in samples from HPA and GTEX. The categories include: tissue enriched, group enriched, tissue enhanced, low tissue specificity and not detected. Read more	Low tissue specificity
Tissue expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across tissues. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity. Read more	Non-specific - Transcription (mainly)
Single cell type specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed cell types based on scRNA-seq data from normal tissues. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected. Read more	Low cell type specificity
Single cell type expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across single cell types. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity. Read more	Non-specific - Basic cellular processes (mainly)
Immune cell specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed blood cell samples based on data from HPA. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected. Read more	Low immune cell specificity
Brain specificityⁱ The regional specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analysed brain samples, grouped into 13 main brain regions and calculated for the three different species. All brain expression profiles are based on data from HPA. The specificity categories include: regionally enriched, group enriched, regionally enhanced, low regional specificity and not detected. The classification rules are the same used for the tissue specificity category Read more	Low human brain regional specificity
Cancer prognostic summary	Prognostic marker in liver cancer (unfavorable)
Predicted locationⁱ All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions. Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached. Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s). The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location. Read more	Intracellular
Subcellular summaryⁱ Describes the main and potential additional location(s) of the encoded protein according to ICC-IF resukt in the Cell Atlas, as well as potential data regarding cell cycle depency (CCD) for the RNA and/or protein expression.	Located in Nucleoplasm, Nuclear speckles
Protein function (UniProt)ⁱ Useful information about the protein provided by UniProt.	Inhibitor subunit of the major nuclear protein phosphatase-1 (PP-1). It has RNA-binding activity but does not cleave RNA and may target PP-1 to RNA-associated substrates. May also be involved in pre-mRNA splicing. Binds DNA and might act as a transcriptional repressor. Seems to be required for cell proliferation.... show less
Molecular function (UniProt)ⁱ Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins due to their particular molecular function.	DNA-binding, Endonuclease, Hydrolase, Nuclease, Protein phosphatase inhibitor, Repressor, RNA-binding
Biological process (UniProt)ⁱ Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they are involved in a particular biological process.	mRNA processing, mRNA splicing, Transcription, Transcription regulation
Ligand (UniProt)ⁱ Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they bind, are associated with, or whose activity is dependent of some molecule.	Magnesium
Gene summary (Entrez)ⁱ Useful information about the gene from Entrez	This gene, through alternative splicing, encodes three different isoforms. Two of the protein isoforms encoded by this gene are specific inhibitors of type 1 serine/threonine protein phosphatases and can bind but not cleave RNA. The third protein isoform lacks the phosphatase inhibitory function but is a single-strand endoribonuclease comparable to RNase E of E. coli. This isoform requires magnesium for its function and cleaves specific sites in A+U-rich regions of RNA. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]... show less

TISSUEⁱ Summary of data presented in the Tissue section, with a representative image of protein expression (left) and an interactive chart showing the tissue-specific mRNA expression (right). The image and the chart are clickable and will redirect to more Tissue data. This section contains information regarding the expression profiles of protein-coding genes in normal human tissue, both on the mRNA and protein level. The protein expression data is derived from antibody-based protein profiling using immunohistochemistry. Read more

Tissue expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across tissues. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity. Read more	Non-specific - Transcription (mainly)
Tissue specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the consensus dataset which is calculated from the RNA expression levels in samples from HPA and GTEX. The categories include: tissue enriched, group enriched, tissue enhanced, low tissue specificity and not detected. Read more	Low tissue specificity
Tissue distributionⁱ The RNA distribution category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples based on a combination of data from HPA and GTEX. The categories include: detected in all, detected in many, detected in some, detected in single and not detected. Read more	Detected in all
Protein expressionⁱ A summary of the overall protein expression pattern across the analyzed normal tissues. The summary is based on knowledge-based annotation. "Estimation of protein expression could not be performed. View primary data." is shown for genes analyzed with a knowledge-based approach where available RNA-seq and gene/protein characterization data has been evaluated as not sufficient in combination with immunohistochemistry data to yield a reliable estimation of the protein expression profile. Read more	Ubiquitous nuclear expression.

BRAINⁱ Summary of data presented in the Brain Atlas and a representative image of mRNA expression in the human brain. The image is clickable and will redirect to more Brain Atlas data. The Brain Atlas explores the protein expression in the mammalian brain by visualization and integration of data from three mammalian species (human, pig and mouse). Transcriptomics data combined with affinity-based protein in situ localization down to single cell level is available in a brain-centric sub atlas of the Human Protein Atlas. Read more

Human regional specificityⁱ The regional specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analysed brain samples, grouped into 13 main brain regions and calculated for the three different species. All brain expression profiles are based on data from HPA. The specificity categories include: regionally enriched, group enriched, regionally enhanced, low regional specificity and not detected. The classification rules are the same used for the tissue specificity category. Read more	Low region specificity
Pig regional specificityⁱ The regional specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analysed brain samples, grouped into 13 main brain regions and calculated for the three different species. All brain expression profiles are based on data from HPA. The specificity categories include: regionally enriched, group enriched, regionally enhanced, low regional specificity and not detected. The classification rules are the same used for the tissue specificity category. Read more	Low region specificity
Mouse regional specificityⁱ The regional specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analysed brain samples, grouped into 13 main brain regions and calculated for the three different species. All brain expression profiles are based on data from HPA. The specificity categories include: regionally enriched, group enriched, regionally enhanced, low regional specificity and not detected. The classification rules are the same used for the tissue specificity category. Read more	Low region specificity

SINGLE CELL TYPEⁱ Summary of data presented in the Single cell Type section, with an interactive chart showing the cell type-specific mRNA expression. The chart is clickable and will redirect to more Cell Type data. This section contains information about single cell type RNA expression based on scRNAseq of human tissues. The data also covers transcriptomics analysis of human blood and cultured cell lines. Read more

Single cell type expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across single cell types. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity. Read more	Non-specific - Basic cellular processes (mainly)
Cell type specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed cell types based on scRNA-seq data from normal tissues. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected. Read more	Low cell type specificity

TISSUE CELL TYPEⁱ

Classificationⁱ

No predicted cell type specificity

PATHOLOGYⁱ Summary of data presented in the Pathology section, with representative images of protein expression in cancer (left) and correlation between mRNA expression and patient survival (right). Images are clickable and redirect to pages with more Pathology data. This section contains mRNA and protein expression data from 17 different forms of human cancer, as well as correlation analysis of mRNA expression and patient survival. The protein expression data is derived from antibody-based protein profiling using immunohistochemistry. Read more
	Liver cancer p<0.001
Prognostic summary	Prognostic marker in liver cancer (unfavorable)
Cancer specificityⁱ Specificity of RNA expression in 17 cancer types is categorized as either cancer enriched, group enriched, cancer enhanced, low cancer specificity and not detected. Read more	Low cancer specificity
Cancer distributionⁱ Distribution of RNA expression in 17 cancer types is categorized as either detected in single, detected in some, detected in many, detected in all, or not detected. Read more	Detected in all

IMMUNE CELLⁱ Summary of data presented in the Immune Cell section and a representative image of mRNA expression in immune cells in the blood. The image is clickable and will redirect to more immune cell related data. The Immune Cell section contains information regarding single cell type mRNA expression profiles of protein-coding genes in various immune cells in the blood, e.g. B-cells and granulocytes. Read more

Immune cell expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across single cell types. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity. Read more	Neutrophils - Chromatin organization (mainly)
Immune cell specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples based on data from HPA. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected. Read more	Low immune cell specificity

BLOOD PROTEINⁱ Summary of data presented in the Blood proteins section and a representative image of the concentration in plasma and related function for the protein in plasma. The image is clickable and will redirect to more data. The Blood proteins section contains plasma levels of proteins detected in human blood and an analysis of the human secretome (including annotation of the genes predicted to be actively secreted to human blood) is also presented. Read more
Detected in blood by immunoassayⁱ The blood-based immunoassay category applies to actively secreted proteins and is based on plasma or serum protein concentrations established with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, compiled from a literature search. The categories include: detected and not detected, where detection refers to a concentration found in the literature search. Read more	No (not applicable)
Detected in blood by mass spectrometryⁱ Detection or not of the gene in blood, based on spectral count estimations from a publicly available mass spectrometry-based plasma proteomics data set obtained from the PeptideAtlas.	No
Detected in blood by proximity extension assayⁱ Detection or not of the gene in blood, based on proximity extension assays (Olink) for a longitudinal wellness study covering 76 individuals with three visits during two years. Read more	No

SUBCELLULARⁱ Summary of data presented in the Cell Atlas and a representative image of subcellular localization. The Cell Atlas provides RNA expression data derived from RNA sequencing of a large panel of cell lines and protein localization data derived from antibody-based profiling by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy, using a subset of cell lines selected based on RNA expression. Read more

Main locationⁱ Main subcellular location(s) and reliability score(s) for the encoded protein(s) in human cells. The main location(s) may be characterized by presence in all tested cell lines and/or ihigher staining intensity compared to the potential additional location(s). If available, links to overrepresentation analyses in Reactome, a free, open-source, curated and peer reviewed biological pathway database, are provided. An analysis is done for the corresponding gene set of the proteome localizing to the main and additional locations of the protein on this page, respectively. Read more	Localized to the Nuclear speckles
Additional locationⁱ Additonal subcellular location(s) for the encoded protein(s) in human cells. The additional location(s) may not be present i all cell lines and may have lower staining intensity compared to the main location(s). If available, links to overrepresentation analyses in Reactome, a free, open-source, curated and peer reviewed biological pathway database, are provided. An analysis is done for the corresponding gene set of the proteome localizing to the main and additional locations of the protein on this page, respectively. Read more	In addition localized to the Nucleoplasm

CELL LINEⁱ Summary of data presented in the Cell Line section and a representative image of mRNA expression across different human cell lines. The image is clickable and will redirect to more cell line data. This section contains information regarding mRNA expression profiles of human protein-coding genes for a large variety of cell lines. Read more

Cell line expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across single cell types. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity. Read more	Non-specific - Cell cycle regulation (mainly)
Cell line specificityⁱ RNA specificity category based on RNA sequencing data from all cell lines in the Human Protein Atlas. Genes are classified into six different categories (enriched, group enriched, enhanced, low specificity and not detected) according to their RNA expression levels across the panel of cell lines. Read more	Low cell line specificity
Cell type distributionⁱ The RNA distribution category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed cell types based on scRNA-seq data from normal tissues. The categories include: detected in all, detected in many, detected in some, detected in single and not detected. Read more	Detected in all

METABOLIC

Metabolic info	Not available

GENE INFORMATIONⁱ Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Gene name	PPP1R8 (HGNC Symbol)
Synonyms	ard-1, ARD1, NIPP-1, NIPP1, PRO2047
Description	Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 8 (HGNC Symbol)
Chromosome	1
Cytoband	p35.3
Chromosome location (bp)	27830782 - 27851676
Number of transcriptsⁱ Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.	4
Protein evidence	Evidence at protein level (all genes)
Protein classⁱ Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s). Read more
Ensembl	ENSG00000117751 (version 103.38)
Entrez gene	5511
UniProt	Q12972 (UniProt - Evidence at protein level)
neXtProt	NX_Q12972
Antibodypedia	PPP1R8 antibodies

PROTEIN BROWSERⁱ

PPP1R8-201

PPP1R8-202

PPP1R8-203

PPP1R8-204

PROTEIN INFORMATIONⁱ The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database. The ENSP identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary, while the ENST identifier links to the Ensembl website transcript summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the UniProt column can be expanded to show links to all matching UniProt identifiers for this protein. The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class. The Gene Ontology terms assigned to this protein are listed if expanding the Gene ontology column. The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide (according to a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius) and the number of predicted transmembrane region(s) (according to MDM) are also reported.
Splice variant	UniProt	Protein class	Gene ontology	Length & mass	Signal peptide (predicted)	Transmembrane regions (predicted)
PPP1R8-201 ENSP00000236412 ENST00000236412	Q12972 [Direct mapping] Nuclear inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1 Activator of RNA decay Q6ICT4 [Target identity:100%; Query identity:100%] PPP1R8 protein; Protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (Inhibitor) subunit 8, isoform CRA_f; cDNA FLJ60722, highly similar to Nuclear inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1; cDNA, FLJ94432, Homo sapiens protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit8 (PPP1R8), transcript variant 3, mRNA Show all	Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014) Show all	GO:0003677 [DNA binding] GO:0003723 [RNA binding] GO:0003729 [mRNA binding] GO:0004518 [nuclease activity] GO:0004519 [endonuclease activity] GO:0004864 [protein phosphatase inhibitor activity] GO:0004865 [protein serine/threonine phosphatase inhibitor activity] GO:0005515 [protein binding] GO:0005634 [nucleus] GO:0005654 [nucleoplasm] GO:0005681 [spliceosomal complex] GO:0005737 [cytoplasm] GO:0006397 [mRNA processing] GO:0006401 [RNA catabolic process] GO:0008380 [RNA splicing] GO:0008995 [ribonuclease E activity] GO:0016607 [nuclear speck] GO:0016787 [hydrolase activity] GO:0032515 [negative regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity] GO:0035308 [negative regulation of protein dephosphorylation] GO:0043666 [regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity] GO:0090305 [nucleic acid phosphodiester bond hydrolysis] GO:0090501 [RNA phosphodiester bond hydrolysis] Show all	127 aa 13.3 kDa	No	0
PPP1R8-202 ENSP00000311677 ENST00000311772	Q12972 [Direct mapping] Nuclear inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1 Activator of RNA decay Show all	Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014) Show all	GO:0003677 [DNA binding] GO:0003723 [RNA binding] GO:0003729 [mRNA binding] GO:0004518 [nuclease activity] GO:0004519 [endonuclease activity] GO:0004864 [protein phosphatase inhibitor activity] GO:0004865 [protein serine/threonine phosphatase inhibitor activity] GO:0005515 [protein binding] GO:0005634 [nucleus] GO:0005654 [nucleoplasm] GO:0005681 [spliceosomal complex] GO:0005737 [cytoplasm] GO:0006397 [mRNA processing] GO:0006401 [RNA catabolic process] GO:0008283 [cell population proliferation] GO:0008380 [RNA splicing] GO:0008995 [ribonuclease E activity] GO:0016607 [nuclear speck] GO:0016787 [hydrolase activity] GO:0019888 [protein phosphatase regulator activity] GO:0032515 [negative regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity] GO:0035308 [negative regulation of protein dephosphorylation] GO:0043666 [regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity] GO:0090305 [nucleic acid phosphodiester bond hydrolysis] GO:0090501 [RNA phosphodiester bond hydrolysis] Show all	351 aa 38.5 kDa	No	0
PPP1R8-203 ENSP00000363042 ENST00000373931	Q12972 [Direct mapping] Nuclear inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1 Activator of RNA decay Show all	Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014) Show all	GO:0003677 [DNA binding] GO:0003723 [RNA binding] GO:0003729 [mRNA binding] GO:0004518 [nuclease activity] GO:0004519 [endonuclease activity] GO:0004864 [protein phosphatase inhibitor activity] GO:0004865 [protein serine/threonine phosphatase inhibitor activity] GO:0005515 [protein binding] GO:0005634 [nucleus] GO:0005654 [nucleoplasm] GO:0005681 [spliceosomal complex] GO:0005737 [cytoplasm] GO:0006397 [mRNA processing] GO:0006401 [RNA catabolic process] GO:0008380 [RNA splicing] GO:0008995 [ribonuclease E activity] GO:0016607 [nuclear speck] GO:0016787 [hydrolase activity] GO:0032515 [negative regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity] GO:0035308 [negative regulation of protein dephosphorylation] GO:0043666 [regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity] GO:0090305 [nucleic acid phosphodiester bond hydrolysis] GO:0090501 [RNA phosphodiester bond hydrolysis] Show all	209 aa 22.7 kDa	No	0
PPP1R8-204 ENSP00000410206 ENST00000431586	A0A0A0MT09 [Direct mapping] Nuclear inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1 Show all	Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014) Show all	GO:0005654 [nucleoplasm] GO:0016607 [nuclear speck] Show all	205 aa 22.3 kDa	No	0

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The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
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