Brain tissue expression of PALMD - Summary - The Human Protein Atlas

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PALMD

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GENERAL INFORMATIONⁱ General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Human gene nameⁱ Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.	PALMD
Mouse gene name	Palmd
Human gene descriptionⁱ Full gene name according to HGNC.	Palmdelphin
Predicted locationⁱ All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions. Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached. Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s). The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location. Read more	Intracellular
Mouse gene	ENSMUSG00000033377 (version 103)
Pig gene	ENSSSCG00000006874 (version 103)
Antibodies in assayⁱ The internal antibody ID for the antibody/antibodies available for this specific target, click link for more antibody information.	No antibodies in assay

HUMAN PROTEIN ATLAS INFORMATION
Tissue specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the consensus dataset which is calculated from the RNA expression levels in samples from HPA and GTEX. The categories include: tissue enriched, group enriched, tissue enhanced, low tissue specificity and not detected. Read more	Tissue enhanced (adipose tissue)
	Human brain	Pig brain	Mouse brain
Regional specificityⁱ The regional specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analysed brain samples, grouped into 13 main brain regions and calculated for the three different species. All brain expression profiles are based on data from HPA. The specificity categories include: regionally enriched, group enriched, regionally enhanced, low regional specificity and not detected. The classification rules are the same used for the tissue specificity category. Read more	Low region specificity	Low region specificity	Low region specificity
Regional distributionⁱ The regional distribution category is based on mRNA expression detected above cut off or not in the analysed brain samples, grouped into 13 main brain regions and calculated for the three different species. Brain expression for all species is based on data from HPA. The distribution categories include: detected in all, detected in many, detected in some, detected in single and not detected. The classification rules are the same used for the tissue distribution category. Read more	Detected in all	Detected in all	Detected in all

BRAIN RNA EXPRESSION

HUMAN

Cerebral cortex Hippocampal formation Amygdala Basal ganglia Thalamus Hypothalamus Midbrain Cerebellum Pons Medulla oblongata Spinal cord White matter Corpus callosum Expression Detection All organs	HPA Human brain datasetⁱ Normalized RNA expression levels (nTPM) shown for the 13 brain regions. Color coding is based on brain region and the bar shows the highest expression among the subregions included. To access sample data, click on region name or bar. Read more about normalized expression levels in Assays & Annotation.
CTX HPF AMY BG TH HY MB CB P M SC WM
Cerebral cortex Hippocampal formation Amygdala Basal ganglia Thalamus Hypothalamus Midbrain Cerebellum Pons Medulla oblongata Spinal cord White matter

COMPARISON BRAIN RNA EXPRESSION

GTEX AND FANTOM HUMAN BRAIN

PIG
GTEx Human brain RNA-Seq datasetⁱ GTEx dataset RNA-seq tissue data generated by the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project is reported as mean nTPM, corresponding to mean values of the different individual samples for respective subregion. Highest expression among the subregions represents the brain region. To access sample data, click on region name or bar. The GTEx RNA-seq assay is described in detail in Assays & Annotation.	FANTOM5 Human brain CAGE datasetⁱ FANTOM5 dataset Tissue data for RNA expression obtained through Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE) generated by the FANTOM5 project are reported as Scaled Tags Per Million. To access sample data, click on region name or bar. The CAGE method is described in detail in Assays & Annotation.
Cerebral cortex Olfactory bulb Hippocampal formation Amygdala Basal ganglia Thalamus Hypothalamus Midbrain Cerebellum Pons Medulla oblongata Spinal cord Pituitary gland Retina White matter	HPA Pig brain RNA-Seq datasetⁱ HPA Pig dataset HPA RNA-seq tissue data is reported as mean nTPM (normalized expression) for each of the brain regions analyzed in pig. The detailed pages (reached when clicking a bar or regional name) show nTPM values at the individual sample level. To access sample data, click on region name or bar. The HPA RNA-seq assay is described in detail in Assays & Annotation. The pig brain transcriptomics project is a collaborative project between human protein atlas and the Lars Bolund institute of regenerative Medicine (Dr. Yonglun Luo), BGI-Qingdao, China.
MOUSE
Cerebral cortex Olfactory bulb Hippocampal formation Amygdala Basal ganglia Thalamus Hypothalamus Midbrain Pons and medulla Cerebellum Pituitary gland Retina White matter	HPA Mouse brain RNA-Seq datasetⁱ HPA Mouse dataset HPA RNA-seq tissue data is reported as mean nTPM (normalized expression) for each of the brain regions analyzed in mouse. The detailed pages (reached when clicking a bar or regional name) show nTPM values at the individual sample level. To access sample data, click on region name or bar. The HPA RNA-seq assay is described in detail in Assays & Annotation. Allen Mouse brain ISH datasetⁱ The Allen Mouse Brain ISH The expression values based on in situ hybridization (ISH) available through the ABA API (© 2004 Allen Institute for Brain Science, Allen Mouse Brain Atlas) is imported and show regional expression grouped in the same manner as the other datasets. To access sample data and links to the ABA, click on region name or bar. Read more

HUMAN BRAIN PROTEIN LOCATIONⁱ The Human brain protein data is based on curated and manually selected Tissue Atlas data. The standard brain regions used in the Tissue Atlas are cerebral cortex, caudate nucleus, hippocampus and cerebellum, only selected cases include information on hypothalamus or retina. The score is based on knowledge-based annotation of the protein location in the main cell types. For genes where more than one antibody has been used, a collective score is set displaying the estimated true protein expression. Read more
Non curated brain data available in the Tissue Atlas.

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The Project

The Human Protein Atlas

The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
by the Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation.