Single cell type - ALDH4A1 - The Human Protein Atlas

GENERAL INFORMATIONⁱ General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene nameⁱ Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.	ALDH4A1
Gene descriptionⁱ Full gene name according to HGNC.	Aldehyde dehydrogenase 4 family member A1
Protein classⁱ Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s). Read more	Disease related genes Enzymes Human disease related genes Metabolic proteins Plasma proteins Potential drug targets
Predicted locationⁱ All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions. Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached. Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s). The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location. Read more	Intracellular
Number of transcriptsⁱ Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.	5

HUMAN PROTEIN ATLAS INFORMATIONⁱ Summary of RNA expression and protein localization based on data generated within the Human Protein Atlas project.
Single cell type expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across single cell types. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity. Read more	Proximal tubular cells - Tubular reabsorption (mainly)
Single cell type specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed cell types based on scRNA-seq data from normal tissues. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected. Read more	Cell type enhanced (Hepatocytes, Proximal tubular cells, Syncytiotrophoblasts, Cytotrophoblasts)
Immune cell specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples based on data from HPA. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected. Read more	Low immune cell specificity
Immune cell distributionⁱ The RNA distribution category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples based on data from HPA. The categories include: detected in all, detected in many, detected in some, detected in single and not detected. Read more	Detected in many
Cell line specificityⁱ RNA specificity category based on RNA sequencing data from all cell lines in the Human Protein Atlas. Genes are classified into six different categories (enriched, group enriched, enhanced, low specificity and not detected) according to their RNA expression levels across the panel of cell lines. Read more	Cell line enhanced (Hep G2, SK-BR-3)
Cell line distributionⁱ RNA distribution category based on RNA sequencing data from all cell lines in the Human Protein Atlas. Genes are classified into five different categories (detected in all, detected in many, detected in some, detected in single and not detected) according to their pattern of detected RNA expression across the panel of cell lines. Read more	Detected in all
Protein evidenceⁱ Evidence score for genes based on UniProt protein existence (UniProt evidence); a Human Protein Atlas antibody- or RNA based score (HPA evidence); and evidence based on PeptideAtlas (MS evidence). The avaliable scores are evidence at protein level, evidence at transcript level, no evidence, or not avaliable. Read more	Evidence at protein level

SINGLE CELL TYPESⁱ A summary of single cell RNA (nTPM) from all single cell types. Color-coding is based on cell type groups, each consisting of cell types with functional features in common.
Single cell types Group Expression Alphabetical RNA single cell type specificity: Cell type enhanced (Hepatocytes, Proximal tubular cells, Syncytiotrophoblasts, Cytotrophoblasts)

SINGLE CELL TISSUES OVERVIEWⁱ An overview of all tissues where single cell type expression has been analyzed. Each tissue name and corresponding UMAP plot is clickable and redirects to the selected tissue.
Adipose tissue Bone marrow Brain Breast Bronchus Colon Endometrium Esophagus Eye Heart muscle Kidney Liver Lung Lymph node Ovary Pancreas Placenta Prostate Rectum Skeletal muscle Skin Small intestine Spleen Stomach Testis

EXPRESSION CLUSTERING & CORRELATIONⁱ

ALDH4A1 is part of cluster 67 Proximal tubular cells - Tubular reabsorption with confidenceⁱ 1
499 genes in cluster

Go to interactive expression cluster page

15 nearest neighbours based on single cell type RNA expression

Neighbourⁱ Gene name according to HGNC.	Descriptionⁱ Gene description according to HGNC.	Correlationⁱ Correlation between the selected gene and neighboring gene. Correlation is calculated as Spearman correlation in PCA space based on the RNA-seq expression data. Read more	Clusterⁱ ID of the expression cluster of the neighboring gene. Read more
UGT1A9	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A9	0.8210	67
EHHADH	Enoyl-CoA hydratase and 3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase	0.8117	67
ALDH8A1	Aldehyde dehydrogenase 8 family member A1	0.7932	67
ACSM2B	Acyl-CoA synthetase medium chain family member 2B	0.7670	67
DNMT3L	DNA methyltransferase 3 like	0.7511	67
DPYS	Dihydropyrimidinase	0.7443	67
ACSM2A	Acyl-CoA synthetase medium chain family member 2A	0.7400	67
HPN	Hepsin	0.7305	67
PAH	Phenylalanine hydroxylase	0.7272	67
SUOX	Sulfite oxidase	0.7080	67
SLC22A7	Solute carrier family 22 member 7	0.6911	67
FTCD	Formimidoyltransferase cyclodeaminase	0.6903	67
KLHDC7A	Kelch domain containing 7A	0.6766	67
FAH	Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase	0.6760	67
ANXA9	Annexin A9	0.6736	67

SINGLE CELL TISSUESⁱ Single cell RNA levels of annotated cell type clusters are shown separately for each analyzed tissue. For easier navigation across tissues, use the above Single cell tissue overview, where each tissue name and UMAP plot is clickable and redirects to the selected tissue, alternatively the grey browser on the left side of the window. Barchart shows nTPM levels in each annotated cluster of single cells. To the left, a UMAP plot illustrates the RNA expression profile. The tissue name and plots are clickable and redirect to a more detailed interactive page. Color-coding is based on cell type groups, each consisting of cell types with functional features in common. Please note that the same cell type may be found in several clusters.
Cluster Expression Alphabetical Adipose tissue
Cluster Expression Alphabetical Bone marrow
Cluster Expression Alphabetical Brain
Cluster Expression Alphabetical Breast
Cluster Expression Alphabetical Bronchus
Cluster Expression Alphabetical Colon
Cluster Expression Alphabetical Endometrium
Cluster Expression Alphabetical Esophagus
Cluster Expression Alphabetical Eye
Cluster Expression Alphabetical Heart muscle
Cluster Expression Alphabetical Kidney
Cluster Expression Alphabetical Liver
Cluster Expression Alphabetical Lung
Cluster Expression Alphabetical Lymph node
Cluster Expression Alphabetical Ovary
Cluster Expression Alphabetical Pancreas
Cluster Expression Alphabetical Placenta
Cluster Expression Alphabetical Prostate
Cluster Expression Alphabetical Rectum
Cluster Expression Alphabetical Skeletal muscle
Cluster Expression Alphabetical Skin
Cluster Expression Alphabetical Small intestine
Cluster Expression Alphabetical Spleen
Cluster Expression Alphabetical Stomach
Cluster Expression Alphabetical Testis

BLOODⁱ

Single cell data

Cluster

Expression

Alphabetical

PBMC

Flow sorted data

Lineage

Expression

Alphabetical

CELL LINESⁱ

Organ

Expression

Alphabetical

Adipocytes	2.6 nTPM
Breast	3.3 nTPM
Adipose tissue	1.8 nTPM

Alveolar cells type 1	0.0 nTPM
Lung	0.0 nTPM

Alveolar cells type 2	2.8 nTPM
Lung	2.8 nTPM

Astrocytes	27.1 nTPM
Brain	27.1 nTPM

B-cells	4.3 nTPM
Kidney	23.8 nTPM
Liver	12.6 nTPM
Spleen	2.8 nTPM
Stomach	1.8 nTPM
Bone marrow	1.7 nTPM
Lymph node	0.4 nTPM
Colon	0.0 nTPM
PBMC	0.0 nTPM
Adipose tissue	0.0 nTPM
Breast	0.0 nTPM

Dendritic cells	2.0 nTPM
PBMC	4.0 nTPM
Breast	1.5 nTPM
Adipose tissue	0.6 nTPM

Endothelial cells	3.1 nTPM
Liver	10.1 nTPM
Heart muscle	6.0 nTPM
Eye	5.7 nTPM
Lung	3.1 nTPM
Placenta	2.9 nTPM
Endometrium	2.7 nTPM
Ovary	2.4 nTPM
Skeletal muscle	2.3 nTPM
Breast	2.1 nTPM
Prostate	2.0 nTPM
Esophagus	1.6 nTPM
Skin	1.5 nTPM
Testis	1.1 nTPM
Pancreas	0.0 nTPM

Fibroblasts	3.2 nTPM
Heart muscle	9.1 nTPM
Placenta	6.2 nTPM
Ovary	4.7 nTPM
Prostate	2.9 nTPM
Esophagus	2.7 nTPM
Lung	2.2 nTPM
Adipose tissue	2.0 nTPM
Stomach	1.5 nTPM
Breast	1.5 nTPM
Skin	1.4 nTPM
Skeletal muscle	1.4 nTPM

Intestinal goblet cells	3.6 nTPM
Colon	4.3 nTPM
Small intestine	3.5 nTPM
Rectum	3.0 nTPM

Macrophages	4.7 nTPM
Kidney	28.7 nTPM
Ovary	11.7 nTPM
Stomach	5.9 nTPM
Spleen	5.2 nTPM
Endometrium	3.4 nTPM
Breast	2.9 nTPM
Pancreas	2.5 nTPM
Bone marrow	2.5 nTPM
Skeletal muscle	2.1 nTPM
Lung	1.7 nTPM
Esophagus	1.6 nTPM
Adipose tissue	1.5 nTPM
Prostate	1.2 nTPM
PBMC	0.0 nTPM
Testis	0.0 nTPM

Paneth cells	1.8 nTPM
Small intestine	3.7 nTPM
Rectum	1.6 nTPM
Colon	0.0 nTPM

Plasma cells	4.4 nTPM
Bone marrow	11.5 nTPM
Spleen	7.8 nTPM
Adipose tissue	1.9 nTPM
Stomach	0.9 nTPM
Esophagus	0.0 nTPM

Respiratory ciliated cells	1.7 nTPM
Bronchus	1.9 nTPM
Lung	1.5 nTPM

Smooth muscle cells	4.7 nTPM
Heart muscle	7.4 nTPM
Prostate	7.2 nTPM
Breast	6.7 nTPM
Adipose tissue	6.2 nTPM
Esophagus	6.2 nTPM
Pancreas	5.0 nTPM
Skin	3.5 nTPM
Skeletal muscle	3.2 nTPM
Endometrium	2.8 nTPM
Ovary	2.4 nTPM
Bronchus	0.9 nTPM

T-cells	2.6 nTPM
Kidney	21.2 nTPM
Liver	10.9 nTPM
Skeletal muscle	1.8 nTPM
Lung	1.5 nTPM
Endometrium	1.4 nTPM
Breast	1.4 nTPM
Bone marrow	1.0 nTPM
PBMC	0.9 nTPM
Skin	0.9 nTPM
Lymph node	0.9 nTPM
Spleen	0.9 nTPM
Stomach	0.8 nTPM
Colon	0.5 nTPM
Adipose tissue	0.3 nTPM
Prostate	0.0 nTPM
Ovary	0.0 nTPM
Esophagus	0.0 nTPM

Basal keratinocytes	7.5 nTPM
Skin	7.5 nTPM

Basal prostatic cells	17.9 nTPM
Prostate	17.9 nTPM

Basal respiratory cells	12.5 nTPM
Bronchus	12.5 nTPM

Basal squamous epithelial cells	17.6 nTPM
Esophagus	17.6 nTPM

Undifferentiated cells	4.0 nTPM
Colon	6.0 nTPM
Rectum	4.0 nTPM
Small intestine	2.2 nTPM

Adipose tissue

Bone marrow

Brain

Breast

Bronchus

Colon

Endometrium

Esophagus

Eye

Heart muscle

Kidney

Liver

Lung

Lymph node

Ovary

Pancreas

Placenta

Prostate

Rectum

Skeletal muscle

Skin

Small intestine

Spleen

Stomach

Testis

PBMC